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The history of women in Morocco includes their lives from before, during, and after the arrival of Islam in the northwestern African country of Morocco. Before Islam, Moroccan women lived during the era known as The Period of Ignorance (''Aljahilia''), wherein their roles were to act on men's desires and as slaves. In 622 AC, as Islam arrived in Morocco, the women of Morocco received three basic rights under the Muslims' religion: the right to live, the right to be honored and to be respected as a mother, and the right to own business and be able to work. From the 1940s until the Moroccan declaration of independence from the tutelage of France in 1956, Moroccan women lived in family units that are "enclosed households" or ''harem'', wherein extended families live as one unit together and where women are secluded and require permission from the men before leaving a household that is protected by a gate keeper. In addition, during that time, married women were treated better than women who were divorced. The hierarchy and importance of women were further categorized according to age and status in the family and community. Among their activities during that period were performing household chores, embroidery, and crafts, attending Koranic schools, and going to a Moroccan bathhouse known as the ''hammam''. The tradition of the harem lifestyle for women gradually ended upon Morocco's independence from France in 1956.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://thirdeyemom.com/2011/04/25/1084/ )〕 After Morocco's independence from France, Moroccan women were able to start going to schools that don't focus only on teaching religion, but also sciences and other subjects. Upon the institution of the legal code known as Mudawana in 2004, Moroccan women obtained the rights to divorce their husbands, to child custody, to child support, and to own and inherit property.〔 While Morocco's current borders and entity as a nation state were not recognized until 1956 following independence from France, women there have played a significant role in its conception, which spans several centuries. From their roles of relaying oral traditions and stories, to forging the foundation of important institutions, to their involvement in resisting colonialism, and holding positions of power following the establishment of the Moroccan state, women were and continue play significant roles in Morocco. ==Amazigh women in Morocco== Prior to the spread of Islam into Morocco, which brought along with it the Arab conquest, Morocco was part of a region inhabited mostly by a non-Arab Amazigh population.〔Laroui, Abdallah. The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton: Princeton Studies on the Near East, 1977.〕 Various Amazigh tribes during the 4th, 5th, and 6th century were noted to have been matrilineal, such as the Tuareg tribes of North Africa.〔Brett, Michael, and Elizabeth Fentress. The Berbers. Wiley: Blackwell, 1997.〕 As such, Amazigh women were noted to have taken on significant roles in local communities. This was especially evident through the figure of Kahina, who was a noted Amazigh female military leader who fought against the Arab and Muslim expansion into North Africa. Amazigh women have had a lasting position in Moroccan folklore, a position that predates the Arab and Muslim conquest of the Maghreb region. It is believed that the tale of Aisha Qandisha has existed since at least the 7th century.〔Crapanzano, Vincent. The Hamadsha. A Study in Moroccan Ethnopsychiatry. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.〕 There are several variations of Aisha Qandisha’s name, among which include Lalla Aicha and Aicha Hamdouchia. Stemming from the pre-Islamic era of Morocco, Aisha Qandisha is said to have been a female demon that takes the shape of multiple beings, including a half-goat.〔Westermarck, Edward. Ritual and Belief in Morocco. London: Macmillan and Co., 1926〕 Aicha Qandisha, unlike other demons in Moroccan folklore, appears mostly in men’s dreams and is said to make a man impotent. Such folklore remains widely popular in Morocco today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Women in Morocco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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